Literature data indicate that more than 20 different thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzymes are known, most of which are found in prokaryotes: transketolase [16], phosphonopyruvate decarboxylase [17], pyruvate dehydrogenase complex [18], branched-chain amino acid enzyme [19], phosphoketolase [20], benzoylformate decarboxylase [21], pyruvate decarboxylase [22], 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex [23], sulfopyruvate decarboxylase [24], pyruvate ferredoxinoxidoreductase [25], phenylpyruvate decarboxylase [26], 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase [27], acetohydroxyacid synthases [28], glyoxylate carboligase [29], and others
But making these products with water-soluble compounds can be tricky, which makes people question many products on the market
The older view was that standard oral glutathione was largely broken down in the digestive tract and therefore had little value
What is the standard protocol
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkr1014, PMID: [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 60